Dump-car.



P. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1901.

v Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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F. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR.

APrLIoATIoN FILED MAR.18, 1 901.

l ,O46 1 9 1 l Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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Q) r, 'l af/@TW s l q l *e U @46% M F. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1901.

Patented Dec.3, 1912.

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@UPM Pb l gEI-Mfng F. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP CAR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18, 1901..

l ,046s l 9 l Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

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Mnes', of? @ge/@JO F. S. INGOLDSBY.

DUMP GAR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 1a, 1901.

1,046,19L v Patented De.s,1912.

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P. s.-ING0LDSBY.

DUMP GAR. 1

APPLICATION FILED 141111.18, 1901.

1,046,191 Patented 1160.3, 1912.

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TED srkrrns PATENT carica.-

FRANK S. INGOLDSBY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO THE INGOLDSBYAUTOMATIC CAB COMPANY, -OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, vA CORPORATION OF WESTVVIRGINIA.

DUMP-CAR..

Specification cf Letters Patent.

Application led March 18, 1901. Serial No. 51,658.

Patented Dee. 3, 1912.

To all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it 'known that I, FRANK S. INGoLDsBY, a citizen of the United States,residingat St. Louis, in theState of Missouri, have invented a certainnew and useful Improvementlin Dump-Cars, bfvwhich the following is afull, clear, and exact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawglhe object of the present invention is primarily toprovide a metallic dump car, made largely of sheet, steel and rolledforms, c mbodying the dumping principles of my prior patents numbered551,319, 613,279, and 632,650, granted to me respectively December 10,1895, November l, 1898, and September 5, 1899. In making such embodimentI have devised many new features which contribute to the eiciency of thecar and some of which are adaptable to cars of wooden construction aswell as metallic cars. There is therefore no intention in the presentcase to -limit the invention to metallic cars, ex-

cept inthose claims where it is sovspecitied or necessarily implied. Thetype of car illustrated in the patents referred to may be describedbriefly Aas having in its preferable form, inclined end floors, acentral longitudinal beam, dumping doors between the central beam andsides hinged at the central `.beam and swinging downward to dischargethe load, and interlocking hooks carried by the sidesof the car andengaging with the hooks projecting from the doors to hold the latter inplace, a hand or power operated lever to move the hooks to disengage thedoors, and suitable mechanism to elevate the doors after they aredropped.

The present invention is concerned, besides the general design andarrangement of the car, with the following features, namely: the trussedsides and center beam of the car; the body bolster and the floor bracingcooperating therewith; the cross bracing; the arrangements of the pushpocket to bear on the bolster and protect it; the tight joints attheedges of the doors; the door raising mechanism; and mechanism wherebydoors on the same side of the car maybe dropped successively orindependently instead of si.- multaneously. It has been my objectv to-endow these features' with cheapness and lightness of construction andelicie'nc in i,car showing the tight joints at the ends of the dumpingdoors. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan of the car; Fig. 4 is an end view of suchcar, the right handV half being in vertical section; Fig. 5 is an endview of the body bolster, being a section on the line 5 5 of Fig. l;Fig. 6 is a plan of such bolster; Fi 7 is a vertical longitudinalsection tlirougi one of the trusses of the central beam, as indicated bythe line 7-7 of Fig. 8. Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the centerbeam; Fig. 9 is a transverse section showing the toggle mechanism forraising the dumping doorsnthe door being shown in its extreme dumpedposition in dotted lines. Fig. 10 is a plan of the floor beam; Figs.11,12 and 13 are cross sections thereof, being taken on the pcorrespondingly numbered lines of said figure; Figs. 14, 15 and 16 areviews of members of the toggle arrangement, Fig. 14 showing the linkswhich are pivoted to the floor beam, Fig. 15 showing the clevis whichconnects the knuckle of the toggle with they operating chain, and Fig.16 showing the link connecting with the strut. Fig. 17 is a frontelevation ofthe power equalizing drum of the raising mechanism. Fig. 18is a plan l l of the link for throwing the locking levers, showing itsbreaking joint which allows one door to be dropped without the other onthe same side of the car. Fig. 19 is a side elevation of a portionof-the car showing` this breaking joint; Fig. 20 is an enlarged sectionthrough the locking pin of such joint being on the line 20-20 of Figs.18 and 19. Fig. 21 is a transverse section of the pin.

Center trussf-The central longitudinal beam is really the back-bone ofmy car, supporting half the load. Its construction is one of theimportant features of the present invention, 'as it solves the problemof a simple, light and strong beam. This beam consists of a. pair ofparallel Pratt trusses braced to each other by suitable bridging andcarry-A inga V-shaped sheathing whichconstitutes the upper surface ofthe beam and carrying also the pivots of the dumping doors and.

the raising mechanism'. This I will now describe, referring particularlyto-F-igs. 1, 4,

`7` and 8. Eachof the Pratt trusses A of the central Abeam consists of aseries of verti^al castings a a? or a3, (differing according-to thespecific requirements of them). but all having at their inner edge the'vertical I ribbed strut a.- The upper chord consists of an invertedchannell beam a5 above this strut surmounted by the inverted T-beam a".The vlower chord which is in tension consists of the tie`member a andthe lat tie bands a,B a9 au.' The main obliques ar,l2 consists of twofiat members which pass across the ends of the struts a* and leaveaspace'between them through which the counters als may also pass in thediagonally opposite direction across f gib the ends ofthe adjacentstrut, -this arrange mentbeing'used both at the top and bottom of thetruss. All these various members are riveted together, the rivetspassing through the ends of the strut a* and through the main obliquesand through the top` and bottom" chords of .the truss fastening allsecurely f 25 lwebs to which are riveted the cross bridgingconsisting'of the angle bars al a1" (t1B al. Supported on the T-beams.a` at intervals v throughout the length of the trusses are the v centerof the car. A longitudinal s sheathing L23 covers the .upper portionsof` cross castings y a having their two upper sides coming substantiallyto an angleat the eet steel these Pratt trusses, and riveted to thecasting a2? and to the castings a a2 a, and extends through the inclinedends, being anged upwardly and riveted thereto, as shown in Figs. 3 and4. lThis makes a very light and at the same time strong central beam. 1

'utilize the vertical struts of these Pratt trusses for carrying thehinges ofthe dumping doors and for carrying the raising mechanism, whichwill be hereinafter eX,- plained in detail, it being suiiicient at thispoint to state that where simply the doors are hinged to the beam thecastings may be of the form indicated by a in Fig. 8; where ,the raisingtoggles are located the castings are of the'form indicated as a2 in Fig.4, op-

erating to support the raising shaft.v Intermediately, Where the oorbeams occur` but not the toggle mechanism, as at as, the bumper blocka2* is provided for receiving the impact of the floor beam, and toreduce the effect of this impact I putisprings on the engaging door tbeams. This is indi- 'the box-like form shown, having a .parallel sideswhichl are riveted tot e-twov verticalplates B. -The outer sidesv ofthese cated inFig. 9. The bumper a. and springs p there shown in dottedlines are beyond the Hoor beam which appears, coperating with thesucceeding beam. The leaf spring p@ is-secured to the' Hoor beam p byscrews p7 taking through slots in the spring.

At eachlend of the Pratt trusses, I attach by suitable rivets the platesB, vwhich are one continuous piece fromv substantially `the point wherethe inclined floor joins .the main ioor to the end of thevcar. Thedouble object of these plates is to present an easy method ofattaching'the draft ri ging of the? cars and to take and distri ute theshocks and strains due to coupling and. un-y coupling or pulling thetrain, `and also yto help support the'center trusses. The draft platesand themembers al5 stitute continuous draft beams extending from endtoend vof the car. These plates are securely riveted to the bolster.whichl I will now proceed to describe.

a64A together con- Fi s. 5 and 6, the body bolster C consists of a attie plate c, two channel struts c', and a center casting c2, these partsbeing secured together and the tie plate taking over the top of thecasting c2 whilethe struts c abut and are riveted to its sidesat theirlower ends. At their outer ends the tie plate o is hooked over the webofthe channel struts and riveted thereto. The casting 02 o; air ovcastings are also riveted to `the brackets c3 .which support andareriveted lto the upper chord a)5 ae of the central trusses. The T-web` of the beam a is removed where it' passes under the tie plate c'andthe space is filled by a filling block c, "and rivetsc7 secure the tieplate,.-tl ie filling block, the

beams' a a", andthe bracket c all rigidly together. By'the constructionjust described the central beam of the car is secured to the bolsters. nl.

Passing from the end of the car on the outer sides of the plates B, towhich and to the end of the frame they are lsecured by suitably flangedplates, are the diagonal braces D which arein the form of I-beams andpass through the space between the tie plate c and the strut c of thebolster, being secured to the car sides by suitably flanged rivetedplates at substantially the lower edge of the inclined floor. Thesebeams D serve to distribute the strains from the draft rigging tothesides of the car. Where they pass through' the bolster theyaresecured to the plates o andthe channel members ct by means of 'rivets`cs passing throu h suitable distance blocks c". "Thus 'the' diagonal ibeam and the castings c make .a rigid strut strut tie between the platec-and the strut c I do away with the necessity of 'having a separateandindependent strut-tie 1n the bolster at this point, and this saves somuch weight in material in the car; second, this4 member D beingthustied at its middle is practically speaking twice as stili and strong asit would be if it were not so tied. Additional parts of the bolster arethe slde bearings cn, which are conveniently so placed that they arecarried by the same y rivets vwhich secure the channels c' to theI-beams D, and the center bearing 012 carried by the casting c2 as afundamental part of it. The king bolt 018 passes through the center ofthis bearing. The design of this bolster` is such that it combines greatstrength and lightness. y l

By providing the heavy diagonal beams D D, I decrease the liability ofthe car to become crippled in a wreck, for in the event of an end to endcollision the corners of the car could be smashed in or even broken olfwithout putting the car out of service, while in such wreck these cornerbeams would serve to protect the.- diagonal beams, and the latter inturn would form horizontal inclined fenders protecting the bolster.Likewise the car-body is fendered vertically by the inclined members a7of the Pratt trusses, which, in the event of a wreck loosening the bodybolster from the truck, would ride up on the truck instead of plowingthro-ugh it. These are important features.

A The center truss arrangement and the bolster Which I have describedand which the drawings show as vembodied in a steel car are adapted tobe applied to wooden cars -without substantial alteration, the bolsterall steel cars.

-is designed with it in mind being simply made a little shorter inlength so as not to project beyond the wooden sides of the car, I canthus with my construction build a car V,which is part steel andpartwood, that is, the under framing being of steel and thesuperstructure of wood. For certain kinds of service, such class of caris a valuable one, and the present invention as well as for SideVt1fu.S'. c.s'.-I will now describe the trussed car-side, the two beingjust alike.v This side truss E as shown consists of sheet metal plateswhich may be either one piece from end to end of the car or in severalpieces riveted together. The latter is the form shown, the pieces Ybeingjoined by a double butt joint e. The top chord of this truss consists ofthe members e2 es, and the bottom chord the members e4 es es. There arealso a pair of main struts e", intermediate struts es, and end strutse". The members e2 e3 and e4 are angle sections, preferably bulb-anglesas shown, the member e is an obtuse angle section, the members e and e9are channel sections, the member e? is an I-beam section and e8 vareangle sections. This car side acts as a Howe truss,`the-top vbeing incompression, the bottom in tension,

the main load passing down the strut c" to the bolster and down thediagonal struts es to the lower chord and the plate e acting both asties and counters. I have so designed the side however that it willresist thelstrains due to the outward pressure of the load in the carwithout the necessity of putting chains or other tie members acrossthe'top of the car. This is an' important feature and is accomplished inthe following manner: The main strut e7 is fastened securely at or aboutits center to a cross tie J of angle section which extends across thecar from side to side just beneath the slop ing end oor, and is fastenedto the main strut on the other side of the car. Now the foot of the mainstrut being securely fastened to the bolster it is well heeled at thatpoint,`henceythat part of the main strut which is between the bolsterand the tie J is rigidly heldin place and therefore the remaining partof the strut e7 acts as a beam fixed at one end and presents a strongresistance to any lateral pressure coming upon it. Thus this'main strute1, besides acting as a strut to carry the load to the bolster, alsoacts as a cantaliver to resist the outward pressure of the load. Now theother members of the side truss which are the main ones to resist thisoutward pressure of t-he load are the bulb angle beams e2 e3, the spanof which is materially reduced owing to the fact that the strut e7 isinclined toward the transverse center of the car and therefore the beamse2 c3 need only span such distance as is between the upper ends of thesestruts, wherefore they are better able to resistthe strain. Moreover, Iextend e2 beyond the strut e7 and rigidly secure it to the strut e7 bythe angle clip cl2 riveted to the strut and the beam e2, and at the endof the car to the cross channel beam F. This makes the beam e2 fixed atits ends, wherefore, according to a well known principle of mechanics,it is between the struts e7 much stronger and stiiier than if it weresimply supported at its ends, its weak point being dueto a shearingstrain coming at the strut c7. The beam e3 however is simply supportedat its end and its weakest point is at the middle, wherefore a moreuniform resistance to the pressure due to the outward bulge of the loadis obtained. The member c4 also acts as a beam supported at each end anddoes its part toward resisting the outward bulge of the load, andbesides performing this function it in connection with the main strut e7forms a guard for the protection of the locking'mechanism beneath itwhich holds the doors in place. This last feature is a very importantone as it sometimes happens that cars in 'transit come in contact withobstructions, such as the open door of a box car on a siding orprojecting planks on' a lumber car, which might damage the lockingmechanism or e', en break it, so that the car Would be dumped and thecontents scattered or lost. With the overhanging beam A e4 howeverprotecting this mechanism, such possibilityA is reduced to a minimum.

l To resist the tension which is alongtheA bottom of the car side, Iprovide the channel member e6 extending from theend 'of the car andsecurely rivetit to the plate e,

and overlapping both is the member e5 Securely riveted to both theplatey e .and 'the' The member e5 which` L is an obtuse angle sectionnot only helps the:

channel member e".

plate e to resist the tension but its lower part acts as a bevel againstwhich the corresponding bevel of the doors engage, as hereinafterexplained.

From another point of view it is evident that the side of the lcarcomposed of the plate or web c bounded by the members e2, e5, 6 and e9may be considered asa-girder having applied thereto a truss-composedofthe members e8, e* and c7; Of the girder, the

members e5 and e constitute the tension chordand the members e2 and ethe com` pression chord; of the truss, the member 1e* constitutes thetension chord, the members e and e7 the compression chord, the memberse8 the struts or braces, andthe plate e the ties between said struts orbraces.

pressure by introducing in the center of the' car a-gusset member Grwhich 'I prefer to make cfa deck beam section. This member v or post Gis made to act as a cantaliver b having secured to it the tie rod Hwhici extends entirely across the car and is secured in a like manner tothe opposite post Gr. ,This post Gr is heeled at its lower end by thestrap G2 which in turn is securely fastened to the side ofthe car. Tofurther strengthen and stiii'en this' heeling -of the post'G and tocover'and protect theptie .rod

H and at the same time to form ay sloping cross beam at the transversecenter of the car, Iintroduce the inverted lV-sha d plate H which Isecurely fasten both to y e/longi-V tudinal center member of the car andto the sides, and I `further strengthen this plate 1-I by the-ties z.crosswise of the plate and securedl to it andthe ties 71,2 lengthwise ofthe plate and extending across thejcentral beam.

The two sides and thecenter member of .the car are tied together acrossthe car at the` ends by the following members: on the .top by the beam Fwhich is preferably of a channel section and is fastened to the upperend `of the sloping ends K of the car. The

-sloping ends are secured tothe central beam byhaving the'sheet-covering of that beam riveted to the sloping end floor, all rivetsbeing countersunk in their upper surface' where they are exposed totheload, and the laps or joints being on the under side of the slopingfloor;

by the bolster; next at the lower edge ,of the slopin floor K, by thecross beam M (which Iv pre er; to -make of a bulb angle section),

land inally'the rsides are tied together at the centerof the car bytheplates H andthe ties h2 land the tie rod H as already explained. It willthus be seen that the central'longitudinal beamV is secured to thecentral cross beam, the'ends of which cross beam are connected to thesides, and tothe bolstcrs, which in turn are secured to the car sides.

, The tie' beamv J across the car not only acts as atie to hold themainstruts e7 together, 'but also acts as an intermediate support forthe sloping Hoor', and in order to help the tie J to act as such ioorsupport I introduce the posts N as braces to stiften said tie-beam Inaddition to the lateral stiiening afforded by the sloping endsK, I

rovide the diagonal strut-ties O leading. rom the beam F'diagonallydownward to the ends of the bolster. f

Y Push ost pocket.-It willv be observed that the bolster C extendsbeyond the channel members e which form the extreme end of the carsides, this arrangement being so that the main strut e7 may rest ont-heend of the bolster. Now this providesan osetv which might be struck anddamaged by somethin in running, Wherefore I provide on this o set thebracket Yx which is formed as shown having strengthening webs and ahollow dish-shaped cavity y. This casting from its sloping exteriorsurface acts as a fender to protect the projecting end of the The carsidesare tied together at the bot' l `tom'irst by the end sill L of thescar; next bolster and by its cavity it makes a'convenient pocket inwhich to place the end of the push post used in moving cars on one trackby the train or engine moving along the adjacent track.

Tight 'door joints-The Vdumping doors are indicated by lIP. They maybeof wood, or of sheet steel as shown in the drawing.

In either event they are supported by suitable floor beams p'which arehinged at their inner vends to the vcastings a a2 or a3 of the centraltrusses, andat their outer ends inbeam, the result of which is that awider door may be employed and -henc'e v more -eective dumping obtained.`In orderl to secure a perfectly tight joint along this inner edge, thefloor plate P is turned up .ona bevel p2 adaptedto .substantially con.

tact with the inner .side ofthe sheathing plate 0,23. The upper edge ofthis bevel is near enough to the horizontal plane-through the axis ofthe pivot so tbatpthe upper edge does not swing materially outward whenthe 20 door drops, and hence may be caused to prelserve a very snug fitagainst the inner edge of the sheathing plate when the door is in itselevated position.. The ends of the door .are similarly turned up onbevels p3 (Fig.

the inclined floor or the cross beam H.

The above arrangement makes a very tight joint,-no material is allowedto escape or leak out when the doors are closed, and when the doors dropto dump there is no ledge along the hinged edges of the door for thelodgment of material, theA inner edge of the door being alwaysbeneathand'thus protected by the lower edge of the sheathing 123.

D007' raising meczcmsm.-The door rais- .ing mechanism is best shown inFigs. 4, and 10 vto 17 inclusive. y It consists in its generalcharacteristics of a toggle provided by links R and R2, the former ofwhich is pivoted to one of the struts a', a2 or a3, and the latter ofwhich is pivoted to a door beam 1i, theV clevis R, and a rotatable shaftR3 and a chain adapted to be wound up by such rotation and tend tostraighten out the toggle. Describing it more specifically, the link Ris formed Aas shown in Fig. 16. The links R2 consist ofl -apair of rodswhich take outside of the link R being connected by the of the formshown in Figs. 10 to 13. Near its ends it is of channel section and atits center of an I-beam section while intermediately it is a compositesection. The bars R2 take around the lower web vof the I-beam part andhave bosses which extend above the same and bear against suitable bossesp4 which are carried by the floor beam on the sides of the web p5.Thechain R7 is connected with the knuckle pin R5 by the clevis member Rpivoted on that pin and to which the chain is adjustably securedvby ascrew-threaded eye 1' locked by nutsr r2, as appears in Fig. 15. Theoperating shaft R3 is journaled in the 2). which takebehind theextremeedges of,

pivot bolt R5. Theloor beam is preferably.

.the power `equalizer R which is simply the drum made in the f orm of acam-shape.`

By properly forming the curve of this cam I equalize the power requiredto rotate the shaft, the cam operating with the greatest leverage whenthe toggle joint has the least, and-fvlee versa.l This cam drumalso-acts as a stop or collar keeping the lshaft R3 in a a which supportthat shaft; it is secured tothe shaft by the U-bolt 1@ whichv alsoVsecures the chain.

i -Tli'e shaft R3 is shown as hollow thoughit maybe made otherwise. Itisshown `as operated by the 'dia onal shaft S gearedv with it and rotatedy the crank Si suitably geared to it. rThis crank is disengaged bythe'push rodk T when the operating lever U is thrown, this lever throughthe link-V swinging thehooks W as explained in my prior patents referredto.

By maln'ng/a flexible connection between the operating shaftand themechanism for raising each door, as by the chain R", I allow any door tobe dropped independently of the others, whereby whenfour doors areemployed a quarter vof the total load may be discharged singly ifdesired; or by cutting the door in two in the middle this togglearrangement would allow me tol drop one half of the door at each time,thus discharging one-eighth of the total load in 'place by being locatedbetween the bearings the car.; the dotted line p8 across the door inFig. 3 indicatesthis possible severance of the door. This feature isvery useful ywhere bins into which the cars are to dump have smallopenings. 'For instance, a bin might have an opening only six .feetlong, whereas the total opening in the bottom of the car may be overtwenty feet. Thus if the whole side dumped at once it would beimpossible to discharge properly into that small bin, while by lettingdown the floor five or six feet at a time for example, and then bringingupv the succeeding section the bin could be properly filled. Moreover,small quantities of material could be deposited along the track whereneeded for some light repair work without the necessity of dischargin`ghalf of the load. "This arrangement also permits the car being pocketedinside if desired. Irrespective of these advantages the toggle hasadvantages of its own in that it gives more power, puts the point ofaplication of the power farther out on the` oor, renders the erection ormaintenance of the cars easy and simple and does away ivithv of cuttingup into 'the center the necessity member of the car. v l There isanother advantage 1n m toggle raising mechanism in that' 1t 1s i h upunderneath the car and is rotected y the Pratt trusses. .For examp e,`in the event of a wreck breaking the truck from the body bolster, thevinclined ends a,7 of the Pratt' trusses act as-deecting fenders andcause the trusses .to ride over the loosened truck preserving the togglemechanism from injury. This is an-important feature as 1t renderstheliability of damage to the raising mechanism in such case much lessthan it otherwise would be. f

Breaking joint -of releasing link- It 1s obvious that in order to dropone door, `or.

one half-cf onedoor, independentl it is necessary to `provide meanswhere y the locking lever U may release but one or sind doors orparts ofa door. To .conveniently accomplish this I make the link V 1n as manysections as there a-re'doors or separated half doors, as the case maybe, and providemeans for connecting and d1scon necting these. This isclearly illustrated 1n Figs. 18 and 19.

The link V consists of two or more alined angle irons u /v as shown,'thelocking levers Q, being pivoted to them. Now between the locking leverswhich are at the adjacent ends of the doors these 'links are separatedbut are connected in service by the bell crank arms V and V2 which arepivoted to the links and pivotedto each other near the extremity oftheir bell crank arms. A pair of holes v2 are made at the bend in thesebell cranks which aline when the long arms are parallel with the links,and a pin V is inserted -through these alined holes, thus rigidly in thecar, vas thecase may be, the spring detent v3 is forced by the iingertoward the pin and the pin withdrawn. from the holes 'vz and is placedin the alined holes of the bracket v5 carried .by the side of the carand the inturned lend fu ofthe link 'v'. With the parts in this4position the link lu' is securely Vheld against displacement, while ifthe leverU is thrown the arms V' V2 simply buckle allowing the link 'vto move but not the link n', wherefore the parts assume the positionIshown in dotted lines in Fi 19,

and only the door or doors at the left o that figure are dropped. Thusit is possible to pair of` trusses, the upper edges'of tA e trusses'.resenting an incline, fillmg blocks cont 1nu.

lng said incline, and a sheet metal sheathin Aof an inverted V-sha esupported by sai filling blocks, substantlally las described.

2. In a dump car, an interior longitudinal beam including a truss withverticalstruts combined with a dumping door hinged to the verticalstruts of said truss, substantially as described.

3. In a dumping car, a truss comprising alongitudinal beam and havinvertical struts combined with a dumping oor hinged to said struts,substantially as described. v

' 4. In a dump car, a beam includin a truss j,

having vertical struts, a pivoted um ing door, and means for raisingthe-door w ich is carried by the vertical struts of said truss,substantially as described. f

5. In a dumping car, a truss having vertical struts,` a .pivoted dumpingdoorand means `for raising the door carriedb the vert-ical struts ofsaid truss, substantia ly as described. Y

6. In a dump car, a beam comprising 'a pair of trusses having verticalstruts rigidly braced together, and a sheathing carried thereby,combined with dumping doors hinged to the vertical struts of said'trusses, substantially as described. p'

7. In a dump car, a pair of trusses having vertical struts the upperedge of the struts being inclined, combined with an inclined' sheathingcarried by said edge, and dumping doors hinged to said struts,substantially as described,

8. In a dumping car, a pair of -trusses having- Vertical struts, theupperedge of the struts being inclined, combined with anjnclinedsheathing carried by said edge, substantially as described.

9. In a dump car, a .beam comprising a pair of trusses rigidly bracedtogether, the

trusses having vertical. struts, a portion of' which is a vertical postand a portion laterally projecting, and a dumpin door pivoted toscribed. 10. In a dump car, the combination ofA a beam comprising a pairof trusses which in clude vertlcal struts, obliques hooking over 1115Asaid projecting portion, su stantially as dethe center of the beam,substantially as def scribed.

13. In a dump car, a beam including a truss which has a longitudinallyflanged member for its upper chord, vertical castings for its struts,and flat bands for its lower chord, said llat bands being riveted i uponeach other and increasing in number toward the center of the car,substantially as p described.

14. In a dump car, a car side having an upper chord consisting of athrough beam fixed at its ends, and a short beam supported at its ends,combined with a lower chord and i struts, substantially as described.

15. A car side having a pair of main struts inclimng toward thetransverse center of the car from the bolster, a double upper chord,

one member of which terminates at said strut, and the other member ofwhich continues beyond said'strut and is there secured substantially asdescribed.

16. In a dumpcar, the combination with the side of the car, and doorreleasing mechanism carried by said side near its lower edge, of aprojecting beam secured to the car side above such mechanism,substantially as described.

17. In a dump car, the .combination with the side of the car, an angleplate extending along the car side at its lower edge, a dumping dooradapted to engage sa1d late, a door-releasing mechanism carried y saidside near its lower edge, and a beam secured to the side and projectingoutwardly beyond said angle plate and said door releasing mechanism,substantiall as described.

18. In a dump car', t ecombination with the side of the car, of an angleplate secured to the lower edge of the side andhaving an outwardlyproject-in flange, a pivoted dumping door, the ree edge of which isadapted to extend outwardly beneath the said flange, and means forforcing said door snugly against Asaid flange, substantially asdescribed.

19. In a dump car, the combinationy with the side of the car, of anangle plate secured to the lower edge of the sideand having an outwardlyprojectin flange, a pivot/ed dumping door, the ree edge of which isadapted to extend outwardly beneath the said flange, and a beam secured-to the sidef above said an le plate and projecting outf wardly beyonthe same:

20.A In a dump car, 1n combination, the

bolster, a strut at the side' footing on saidl bolster, ya longitudinalbeam on the outer side of the car Vsecured to said strut, and

dumping mechanism on the side of the car near and protected by saidbeam, substantially as described.

21. In a dump car having a trussedmetallic side, a lower chord for saidside consisting -of an obtuse angle plate extending along the car` atits lower edge, combined with a dumping door adapted to engage saidplate, substantially as described.

22. A dumping car having a trussed metallic'side provided with a lowerchord consisting of an angle plate extending along the-car at its loweredge, combined with a dumping door adapted to engage said plate,substantially as described.

23. In a dump car, a body bolster having a central frane and compressionand tension members secured thereto, combined with a longitudinal beamhaving a truss the upper chord of which passes through the bolster inproximity to the outer side of the central frame and the under side ofthe tension member and is secured to each of said members, substantiallyas described.

24. In a dump car, a body bolster having a central frame, and tensionmembers se-. cured thereto, combined with a longitudinal beam having atruss, a bracket carried by the outer side of said central frame, theupper chord of the truss being secured to said bracket, substantially asdescribed.'-

25. In a dump car, a body bolster having a lower compression member andan upper tension member, combined with a diagonal beam extending fromthe end of the car to the side and passing between said members of thebolster and there secured, substantially as described.

26. In a dump car, a body bolster having a central frame and compressionand tension members carried thereby, a pair of plates leading from thecentral frame to the end of the car, a pair of diagonal braces securedat the end of the car on opposite sides of said plates, said bracesleading to the sides ofthe car and there secured and intermediatelypassing between the tension and compression members of the bolster andthere secured to their, substantially as described,

27. In a dumping car, a body bolster havfrom the endl to the side of thecar and passing through the bolsterbetween said members, filling blockson the upper and-'under diagonal beam and the tension andfcom-`'pression members ofthe bolster together,

substantially as described.

29.` In a dump car, a body bolster having a lower channel-shapedcompression member, andan upper tension' member, com-,f

bined with adiagonal brace beam extending from the end to the side ofthe car and passing through the bolster between said memf bers, fillingblocks on the upper and under tance betweenv said members, and rivets orsubstantially as described.

30. In a dump car, in combination, trussed sides, a central longitudinalbeam, a central cross-beam, a gusset member on the inner side of the carsecured to such sides andtof such central beam,l substantially as .de-f

scribed.

31. In a car, in combination with the sides of said car, a cross beamuniting said sides,

aA gusset memberv consisting `of a beam vse-j cured to one side of: thecar and-projecting transversely therefrom, anda strap secured to suchside and embracing the heel of said.

member, substantiallyas described.

.32. In a dumpingcar, the combination of the side of said car, a gussetmember attached to said side and having its heel se-y cured to the lowerportion thereof, andI a tie rod secured at one end to said gusset'member above the heel and at the otherV end to the opposite side of saidcar, substan-' tially as described. v33. In a Vdump car, the combinationof 'the' sides of said car, gusset members at.-

tached thereto, a cross beam secured to 'said' gusset members, and' atie rod extendingf through said cross beamandsecured tothe lower edgesof said gusset members, substantially as describedl 34. In a dump car',a beam consisting of an inverted V-shaped plate, and a tie vrod^be,

neath said plate at the angle thereof, substant-ially as described. A35. In a dump car, a cross-beam including an inverted V-shaped platesecured tothe car side, and straps securing togetherv the plate,substantially as described. v

36. In a dump car, in combination, a cen-l tral longitudinal beam, across beam inter-l cepted thereby, said cross-beam havinga-tie g rodpassing through-the longitudinal beam,

and inverted VLShaped 'plates passing over the tie rod on loppositesides of the longitudinal beam and secured to it, substantially `asdescribed.

diagonal brace to fill the dis 37. Ina dump car, the combination with[floor framing, -of` a bolster extending be- "Hyondf the framing,"l anda push pocket se.-

"cured to the framing and the bolster at such point,-`substantially asdescribed.

' 38. In' l"a dump car, side trusses having vstruts on rtheir outersides, a bodybolster on which said struts seat, beans continuing thelower Vchords of the side trusses beyond said fleeting members locatedin the angle between ksaidV beams and the bolster and carrying pushpockets, substantially as described. 39. In al dump car, the combinationwith a- 'beam having a downward projecting sheath, of a dumping doorhinged to said v.beam and having an upturned edge taking fbehind saidsheath, substantially as described.

40. In a dumping car, a hollow metallic beam having a downwardlyinclined sheath and strut members for supporting it, combined with adoor pivoted to such strut members beneath said sheath, substantially asdescribed.

l415. In a dump car, a hollow metallic beam strut 'members forsupporting it, combined with. a door beam pivoted to oneof said Vstrut.members beneath said sheath, and a floor carried vby said floor beamand having an edge adapted to lie behind said sheath, substantially' asdescribed.

42. In a dump car, a ybeam having a ydownwardly inclined sheath, andstrut members -for supporting it, combined with a ioor beam 'pivoted tosuch strut member beneath said sheath, and a 'door carried by said floorbeam and having an upwardly f inclined edge adapted to lie behind saidsheath, substantially as described.

43. In -av dump car, a dumping door hava sheetmetal oor plate, an obtusean- 'gle- Stripsecured thereto at the free edge thereof, combined with acar side and a'co- 'operating metallic obtuse angle strip car- Tied. byit, substantially as described. 44. In a dump car, a side having securedat the lower rportion thereof a beam of obtuse angle section, lockinglevers pivoted to the' saidy beam, combined with a dumping door havingat'its free edge an obtuse angle cooperating with said beam,substantially as described.` v

- 45. In a dump car, a trussed lmetallic side .whose lower chordincludes a tie of obtuse angle section riveted to the side andprojecting below it, locking levers pivoted to the car side on the outerside of said tie, combined with a hinged dumping door having at its freeedge an obtuse angle coper- `ating with said tie, and projectionscarried by said door with which said levers may engage, substantially asdescribed.

bolster, which beams are secured on the in- 'ner'sides vof said struts,combined with de2-- having a downwardly inclined sheath and 46. Thecombination of a beam, a door pivoted thereto, a pair of toggle linksjointed together, a shaft longitudinal of the beam, a flexibleconnection between the shaft and the joint of the toggle, one of thefree ends of the toggle being connected with the licor, and members onthe under side of said beam carrying said shaft and having the otherfree end of said toggle connected to them, substantially as described.

47. In a dump car, the combination of a beam, a vertical strut. membercarried therewith, a pivoted door, a pair of toggle links connectedtogether by a knuckle ]oint and pivoted at their opposite e'nds one tothe strut casting, and the other to the door, a shaft and a flexibleconnection between it and the toggle, substantially as described.

48. In a dump car, the combination of'a beam, a strut carried thereby, aclosure for the bottom of said car, a toggle lever, one end of which ispivoted to the strut and the other to the closure, and means foroperating said toggle lever, substantially as described. l l.

49. In a dump car, the combination of a longitudinal beam including atruss having vertical struts, a door pivoted to a vertical strut of saidbeam, a pair of connected toggle links pivoted one to the door and theother tothe strut, a shaft carried by said strut, and a connectionbetween it and the knuckle of the toggle, substantially as described.

50. The combination wit-ha vertical strut carrying an upper sheath, adumpingv door pivoted tc said strut and coperating with said sheathing,a pair of toggle links connected together and pivoted at oppositeends tothe door and the strutrespectively, a shaft journaled in said strut, achain secured to said shaft and connected to the knuckle of the toggle,substantially as described.

l. In a dump car, in combination, a beam carrying a strut, a floor beamhinged thereto, said floor beam having vertical webs, a toggleconnecting said strut and iioor beam, the upper member of said toggleconsisting of two links taking on to opposite sides of a web of thefloor beam, and means for straightening out said toggle, substantiallyas described. v

52. In a dump car, in combination, a beam, a dumping door hinged theretoand adapted to be closed when substantially horizontal, a toggle forraising the door and including two joined members, one secured to theunder side of the door and the other to a depending part of said beam, ashaft carried by the beam, and a chain secured to the shaft andconnected with the knuckle of the toggle, substantially as described.

53. 'In a' dump car, in combination, a

dumping door, a toggle for operating the same consisting of a pair ofmembers, a pin connection between the members, aclevis connected withthe pin, and means for straightening the toggle, said means beingadjustably connected with said clevis, substantially as described.

54. In a dump car, the combination of a door, a toggle for operating thesame, a shaft having thereon an eccentricdrum, and means connecting saiddrum and the toggle, the arrangement of the parts being such that themaximum power of the drum is exerted when the power exerted by thetoggle is at the minimum and the minimum power of the drum is exertedwhen the power exerted b the toggle is at the maximum, substantie ly asdescribed.

55. In a dump car, the combination of a door, a toggle for closing thesame, a shaft for operating the toggle, a longitudinal beam `having astrut pivoting the fixed end of the toggle and the'shaft, and aconnection between said shaft and the toggle, substantially asdescribed.

56. In a dump car, in combination, a

dumping door, a toggle for raising the dumping door consistin of aninner link and a pair of outer linls connected therewith by a knucklepin, one of said links being connected with the door and the other witha stationary part, and a clevis connected with the knuckle pin betweenthe inner link and the two outer links, a chain for straight-- eningsaid toggle, said chain being adjustably connected by a screw threadedeye with said. clevis, and means for-drawing in the chain, substantiallyas described.

' 57. In a dump car, the combination of a beam carrying a verticalstrut, a shaft journaled therein, a door hinged to said beam, a toggleconnected tothe door and the strut, an eccentric drum on the shaft, anda chain leading from said drum to the toggle, substantially asdescribed.

58. In a dump car, the combination of a beam carrying a vertical strut,a shaft journaled therein, a drum on said shaft between bearings on thestrut whereby the drum operates also ,as a set collar, the periphery ofsaid drum being eccentric or cam-like, a toggle mechanism for raisingthe doorand a flexible connection between its knuckle and the peripheryof the drum, substantially as described.

59. In a dump car, in combination, a. pivoted dumpin door, a toggle forraising the same, a sha for operating the toggle, a drum on said shaft,a chain leading from said drum to the toggle, and a bolt securing atonce t-he'chain to the drum and the drum to the shaft, substantially asdescribed.

60. In a dump car, in combination, dumpv ing doors, locking mechanismtherefor, means for throwing said locking mechanism v throwing the loc'ng levers, and a breakingv joint in said link between the consecutivedoors, substantially as described.

ving doors,

simultaneously for consecutive doors, and means for interruptin thethrowing mechanism, whereby one oor may be released without th releaseof the other .adjacent thereto, substantially as described'.

61. In a dump car, in combination, ing doors, lockin levers therefor, alink for 62. In a dump car, in combination, dumplocking members, alinkfor throwing them, said link being broken between the dumping doors, apair of bell crank arms pivoted at opposite ends to the consecutiveparts of the links, and pivoted together, and means for holding saidarms substantially in alinement or allowing them to buckle,

substantially as described.

63. Ina dump car, in combination,`dump ing doors, means for holding thesame closed,

means for throwing said door-closing means comprising a sectional linkand a disconnecting means between-the sections of said link whereby lessthan the whole number of doors may be operated by said links,substantially as described. j 64. In a dump car, in combination, dumpingdoors, locking levers for holding the same elevated, a link for throwingsaid levers, said link being in sections connected by .a broken jointbetween consecutive doors, means for connecting said broken joint, and

' means for supporting the farther sect-ion of made in sections, a pinfor connecting said sections, and a spring detent carried by said pinfor retaining it in locked position, substantially as described.

67. In a dump car, the combination of dumping doors, bumpers forreceiving. the impact thereof, and springs for resisting such impact,substantially as described. I

68. In a dump car, the combination of a hinged floor beam, a leaf springcarried thereby in its under side, -and a rigid bumper with which saidspring may enga e when the floor beam swings downward, su stantially asdescribed.

69. In a dump car, a longitudinal beam having a truss, dumping doorshinged to said beam, toggle raising mechanism for dumpsaid door whichraising mechanism is carried by thedoor, andtruss, and when the door israised, is entirely vabove .the lower edge of the truss and is protectedthereby, substantially as described.

70. In a dump car, a long1tud1nal .beam composed of trusses,

bined with toggle raising mechanism carried by the struts of the trussesabove the lower chords, substantially as described.

the lower chords of lwhich incline upward at their ends, com- J71. In acar, a side supporting structure composed of a plate-girder having acompression flange, any additional horizontal compression member securedto the side plate of the girder below said iange, and an lnclined membersecured to the car side and leading from the end of said horiaontalmember diagonally downward to the lower edge of theside.

72..'In a car, a side supporting structure composed of -a plate-girderhaving a tension flange, and an vadditional tension chord secured to theouter side of said side independent of said ange.

73. In a car, a side composed of a plategirder having -tension andcompression flanges and a reinforcing structure having tenslon andcompression chords independent of the flanges of said plate-girder.

74. In a steel car, a girder side'having a plate with a compressionchord extending along its upper edge, a strengthening member extendingalong the side of thel car near itsupper edge for a distance-intermediate of the ends of the car, diagonal strengthening memberssecured to the car sides and extending from the ends of suchstrengthening member downward substantially to the lower edge of theside.

75. In a steel car, a plate-girder side having compression and tensionchords along its upper and lower edges, an additional compression chordnear the upper edge, an additional tension chord near the lower edge anda diagonal brace riveted to the car side between said additional chords.

7 6.l In a steel car, a plate-girder side having top and bottom chords,a pair of strengthening members secured to the side,

one near the upper chord and thev other near necting the ends of saidtwo additional strengthening members.v

77. The combination, in a 4steel car, of a plate-girder side havingupper and lower chords, an additional strengthening structure 'securedto the outer side of the girder and including a compression chordleading diagonally upward near the ends of the car and extendinghorizontally at the center portion of the car and a tension chordextending horizontally throughout its length, and an inclined braceriveted to the side of floors, the combination ofv holsters beneath.

said end floors, longitudinal members extending from bolster to bolsterthrough the inclined floor, a longitudinal plate secured to the tops ofsaid members intermediate of 4 their ends and having its end portionsextending through openings in the inclined end floors and secured to theunder side thereof.

79. In a steel car body, the combination with the side plates, of angleplates or bars running along and riveted to thebottom of said plates, ale of the angle beinginclined downwardly, su stantially as described.

80. yIn a dump car, the combination with a .side of the car, of an angledplate extending alon lthe lower edge o f sai side, a centrallongitudinal beam, and a door extending between said beam and the lowerportion of the car side, said door being provided at its free edge withan angle plate, substantially as described.

81. In a dump car, a dumping door hav,

ing an angle plate secured thereto at its free edge, combined with a carside having an angle plate carried at its lower edge, against which thefree edge of said door 1s adapted to close, substantially as described.

'82. In a dump car, the combination with a side of the car of an angleplate extending along the lower edge of said side, a centrallongitudinal beam, a door extending between said beam and the lowerportion of the cary side, said door being provided at its free edge withan angle plate, and means for forcing said door closed with its freeedge in contact with the angle plate on the side, substantially asdescribed.

83. In a. car, a pair of longitudinal members havin each a verticalflange and an inwardly directed horizontal flange, a ridge platethereabove, and transverse members carried by said longitudinal membersand supporting said ridge plate, said transverse members havinghorizontal portions engaging the horizontal flanges of the longitudinalmembers and vertical portions engagin the verticalfianges of saidmembers.

84. n a car, a pair of longitudinal mem bers, each comprising aninverted T-beam, a ridge plate thereabove and transverse members restingon the inwardly directed flanges ofsaid T-beams, said transverse membershaving at each end a vertical portion en gaging the vertical flange ofthe T-bea-m, thtF upper surface of each of said members intermediatesaid vertical ortions being shaped to engage said ridge p ate;

85. In adump car, the combination of a pair of longitudinal members,transverse members extending above and connecting the upper portions ofsaid longitudinal members, Vlateral members projecting'from saidlongitudinal members, a ridge plate supported by said transversemembers, and doors hinged to said lateral members, substantially asdescribed.

86. In a car, the combination, with the sides, of a longitudinal ridge,a transverse ridge extending from each side to the longitudinal ridgeand there suitably secured, and tie members connecting the inner ends ofsaid transverse ridge'and extending across the plane of saidlongitudinal ridge.

87. In a car, the combination, with the sides, of a longitudinal member,a transverse member extending from each side to the longitudinal memberand there suitably secured, and a tie connecting the inner ends of saidtransverse member and extending across theplane of said longitudinalmem- 88. In a car, the combination of sides, a ridge shaped hollowmember` extending transversely of said car and between the sidesthereof, and a transverse tie rod for said sides located in andprotected by said hollow member.

89. In a dump car, a door-way having at the edge thereof a flange makingwith the plane of the'door-way an obtuse angle, combined with a doorhaving at its free ed e a coperating flange making an obtuse ang e withthe lane of the door.

90. A ump car, having in its bottom a door-way provided at an edgethereof with a flange making an obtuse angle with theplane of thedoorway, combined with a door hinged to the edge of said kdoor-wayopposite said flange and provided at its free edge with a correspondingflange making an obtuse angle with the plane of the door.

91. In acar, the combination of end sills, body bolsters, longitudinalcenter members having an inverted V-shaped hood and connected to saidholsters, and draft members' extending from said end sills to saidholsters arid connected with said bolsters and end si ls. i

92. In a car, the combination of a plategirder side having a flangedstrengthening member at the upper edge thereof, a flanged strengtheningmember at the lower edge thereof, a pair of inclined struts extendingfrom the lower portion of said side to the upper strengthening member,and an additional strengthening member parallel with and near said upperstrengthening member and bounded by said struts.

93. In a metallic car, in combination, a plate-girder side comprising aplate with flanged upper and lower chords, struts held against said sideand terminating at their upper and lower ends at said upper and lowerchords respectively, and an additional at said struts and intermediatelyheld.

against the car side. 0

94.y In a steel car, a g1rder side having a plate with a compressionchord extending along its upper edge, an additional strength-l member inaddition to the upper vchord of the girder held-to the side of the carbetween, said struts adjacent to such upper chord.

96. A steel car, having a plate-girder side and a plurality ofstrengthening members extending along the same near its upper edge,'theupper one of said strengthening members continuing to the end of thecar, bolsters, struts rising lfromvthe ends of the bolsters to the upperstrengthening member, the lower one of said strengthening membersterminating at said struts.

97 In a steel car, a girder side comprising a plate and strengtheningmembers along the upper and lower edges thereof, and end struts adjacentto the upper ends of which said upper members are secured, combined withintermediate struts secured to said plate'and extending to the uppermember and secured to it, and an additional strengthening memberparallel with and near said upper member and in compression and securedat its ends to said intermediate struts, whereby the ,upper member isanchored at four points, and the additional member at two points, thusdiderently apportioning the strains.

98. A steel car, having a plate-girder side including upper and lowerchords, a bolster,

a strut rising from the end of the bolster,y

and an additional compression member. extending between said strutsparallel with the compression chord.

99. A steel car having a plate-girder side, f

a strengthening member secured to and extending along the top of saidside from one end of the car to the other, a shorter strengtheningmember secured to the side below the member mentioned, and a membersecured to the car side and leading downward from said'shorter member tothe bolster.

1100. A steel car having a plate-girder side, a plurality ofstrengthening members secured to and extending along the top of saidside, one beneath the other, the upper member extending to the end ofthe car and the lower member terminating short thereof,`

the bolster beneath its tension member and secured to such tensionmember.

102. In a car, the combination of a pair 'of bolsters, a longitudinalcentral member extending between said bolsters, said member comprisingupper and lower chords of commercially rolled shapes, the lower chordbeing reinforced, and means for securing the ends of the lower-'chord tothe upper chord and for securing both the upper chord and the lowerchord to the bolsters. 103. In a car, the combination of a pair ofbolsters, a central longitudinal truss, the upper member of whichextends between the bolsters on a level therewith and the lower memberof which extends diagonally downwardly at its ends from said bolstersand is parallel with said upper member intermediate of such diagonalportions, and struts spacing said members apart. I,

104. In a car, thecombination of a pair of bolsters, a pair of centrallongitudinal members extending between said bolsters,

connecting the ends of the llower shapes to the bolsters and to theupper shapes.

105. In a car, the combination of a pair of bolsters, a centrallongitudinal truss extending between said bolsters, said trusscomprising an upper metallic chord, a lower metallic chord, strutsbetweensaid chords, the ends of said chords being brought together andpassing jointly' into the bolster, and rivets connecting both chordswith the bolster. v

106. In a car, the combination of sides, a hollow memberextending'transversely of said carand between the sides and a tie yrodextending through such hollow member and connected with the sides.

107. In a car, the combination of sides, a transverse ridge-shapedmemberl secured to car side, and a tie rod beneath such ridge.

108. In a steel car, the combination with bolsters having central framesand tension straps surmounting them, of a longitudinal l floorsandpassing through s uch oors and l flanged onto the'under surface o thesame.

110. The combination witha side wall of a car, of valower side sillincluding in 4its construction three structural shapes, the intermediateshape being secured to the outer face of the side wall. and located onlyat such portion of the car and the other two shapes beingsecured to theinner face of the side wall and located only at the end portions.

111.2The combination with a side wall 'of a car, of a side sillincluding in its construction two oppositely disposed structural shapes,one being secured to the inner face of the side wall andthe other to theouter face thereof, one of said shapes being located at an intermediatep ortlon only and the other adjacent to the end portion only.

112. A- car body having a plate-girder side whose lower ychord is on theinner side of the girder near the ends of the car'and on the outer sideof the girder at an intermediate portion of the car.

113. In a dump car, the combination of a plate-girder side whose'lowerchord near the ends of the side is secured to the inner side of theplate and intermediately of the ends secured to the outer side of theplate, and a dumping door adapted to abut the intermediate portion ofthe chord.

114.- A car side having a flanged side sill riveted to the lower edge ofsaid side, said side sill being partly on the inner side of the side andpartly on the outer side.

115. A car side having an-upper'angularflange anda flanged side sillriveted to the lower edge Iof said side, said side sill near its endsconsisting of channeled shaped members, and intermediately of an anglemember, and a dumping `door coperating with such angle member.

116. In a dump car, the combination of a beam, dumping doors hinged atthe opposite sides thereof and adapted'when horizontal to close againstthe sides of the car, toggle mechanism carried by said beam on its underside and connected with the under sides of the doors, and means forstraightening the toggles.`

117. In a dump car, the combination of a longitudinal central memberhaving a trussed under-structure, dumping doors hinged thereto andadapted when closedto extend horizontally therefrom to the sides of thecar, toggle links connecting said doors with said member, and means forstraightening such toggle.

118. In' a dump car, the combination of a central longitudinal ridge,members depending therefrom, doors pivoted at the sidesgof said ridge,toggle links pivoted at their upper ends to said doors kand at theirlower ends to such' depending members, and mechanism located beneath theridge and `connectedwith said toggle links for straightening them andthereby raising the doors.

119. `Inra dump car, the combination ofv a beam, a dumping door hingedthereto and adapted to be closed when substantially i horizontal, atoggle for raising the door and including two jointed members, onesecured to the underside of the door and the other to a depending partof said beam, and means for straightening the toggle.

120. In a dump car, the combination of a central beam including a ridgeplate and, members secured to the under side thereof,I dumping doorspivoted to .some of said" members, .toggle links connected together andconnected at their free ends respectively I with the door and one ofsuch members, and

mechanism beneath the ridge connectedv with the knuckle of said togglefor straight-V ening it. .l

121. lIn a dump car, the combination of a central longitudinal ridge,under-bracing therefor, dumping doors pivoted to the under-bracing,means beneath the ridge and doors for raising them, and bumpers carriedby the under-bracing for receiving the impact of the doors.

122. In a dump car, the combination of a longitudinal member havingstruts with a tension chord beneath them, of a dumping door carried bysaid member, and bumpers for said door formed fon said struts.

123. In a car, a side supporting structure composed of a plate girderhaving a compression member extending along the top of the girder fromone en d of thecar to the other, and strengthening means secured to thecar'side beneath said member and having a horizontal portion locatedintermediately and downwardly inclined portions at the ends of thehorizontal, portion.

124. .In a steelcar, a girder side having a plate with the compressionchord extending along its upper edge and strengthening means extendingalong the side of the car near its upper edge for a-distanceintermediate of the ends of the car and diagonally downwardsubstantially to the lower edge of the side.

125. In a steel car, a plate girder side having top and bottom chords,and additional strengthening means secured to the side of the car andincluding a flanged member parallel with the upper chord, and a angedmember parallel with the lower chord and diagonal connections betweensaid members.

126. In a car, a plate girder side having y'es top and bottom chords andstrengthening means in additionto said chords including diagonal andhorizontal members.

127. In a car, a plate girder side having top and bottom chordsandstrengthening means in addition to said chords leading diagonally upwardfrom points adjacent to the bottom chord and extending intermediatelyparallel with the top chord.

128. In a car, a plate girder side having top and bottom chords andstrengthening means in addition to said chords leading diagonally upwardfrom points adjacent to the bottom chord and extending intermediatelyparallel with the top chord, combined with an additional tension memberextending horizontally from one diagonal to the other.

129. A steel car having a plate girder side. a strengthening membersecured to and extending along the top of said side from l one end ofthe car to the other and strengthe'ning means secured to the car sideand extending in part parallel with said member and in part diagonallydownward.

130. In a car, the combination of a bolster, a car side resting on thebolster and an extension sill resting on the bolster and secured to thecar side and extending to thel end of the car.

131. The combination of a bolster, a car side resting on the bolster, amain strut footing on the bolster, secured to the car side and alongitudinal member resting on the bolster and secured to said mainstrut, and a longitudinal strengthening member secured to the car sideand abutting an intermediate portion of said main strut.

132. A car having bolsters and struts footing on them anda plate-girderat its side extending beyond said struts, and a plurality ofstrengthening members secured to and extending along the top of saidplate structure, one of said members terminating adjacent to thebolsters, and the other being 'of different length and both beinganchored adjacent to said struts, and both of said members extending inparallelism throughout their length, substantially as described.

133. A car having` bolsters and struts foot-ing on them and aplate-girder at its side extending beyond said struts, and astrengthening member secured to and extending along the top portion ofsaid plate structure, said member extending substantially parallel withthe floor-frame throughout its length, and another strengthening membersecured to and extending for a different distance along the top portionof saidplate structure, one of said strengthening members terminating atsaid struts and theother at the end of the car side, substantially asdescribed.

134. A car having holsters and struts footing on them and a plate-girderat its side extending beyond said struts, and a flanged strengtheningmember` secured to and extending along the top portion of sald platestructure, said member extending substantially parallel with thefloor-frame throughout its length, and another flanged strengthemngmember secured-to and ex-A tending for a different distance along the toportion of said plate structure, one of said strengtheningmembersterminating at said struts and the other at the end of the carside, substantially as described.

135. A car having holsters and struts foot-ing on them and aplate-girder at its side extending beyond said struts, said girderhaving a flanged member at its top extending substantially throughoutthe carbody, and a shorter ianged strengthening member secured near-thetop of the'plategirder, one of said members extending between andterminating adjacent to the bolsters; substantially as described.

136. A car having a plate-girderside, the lower chord of which extendsbeyond the holsters, an angle riveted to the upper edge of the side andextending from end to end, and another angle riveted along the upperpart of the side and terminating adjacent to the bolsters, both membersextending substantially arallel throu hout their length, substantiallyas describe 137. A `car having a plate-girder at itsl side, the lowerchord of which extends beyond the holsters, and provided in its upperportions with two angular flanges, one of said flanges extendin from endto end and the other extending etween and terminating adjacent to theholsters, both flanges being substantially parallel throughout theirlength; substantially as described.

138. A car having a side formed at least in part of a yond struts risingfrom the holsters,4 two angles riveted along the upper edge of the platestructure, the flanges of both angles projecting outwardly from the topedge of their vertical legs, the angles being parallel to the upper edgeof the side throughout their length, and at least one of said fiangescovering the top edge of the plate structure, one of said anglesextending to the end of the car and the other terminating at saidstruts; substantially as described.

1392 A car having a side formed at least in part of a plate-structureextending beyond struts rlsing romthe holsters, two angles riveted alongthe upper edge of the plate structure, the flanges of both anglesprojecting outwardly from the top edge of their vertical legs, and atleast one of said flanges covering the top edge of the plate structure,one of said angles extending between and terminating adjacent to saidstruts and the other extending -beyond said struts; Substantially asdescribed.

late structure extending be-

